Major research paper the boko haram insurgency driving. Nov 24, 2016 nigeria s militant islamist group boko haram which has caused havoc in africas most populous country through a wave of bombings, assassinations and abductions is fighting to overthrow the. Understanding nigerian citizens perspectives on boko haram. This book focuses on boko haram and terrorism in nigeria, framing the conflict in an international law context. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty. Behind the headlines prepared may 22, 2014 contents. On 27 march, the nigerian army captured gwoza, which was believed to be the location of boko haram headquarters. Yet it is no longer clear that the group is as coherent an entity as was initially believed. The boko haram insurgency first appeared in maiduguri in borno state, northeast nigeria around 2002. Boko haram s story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927. Allison 2015 is of the view that, despite the slow start, the. Boko haram reportedly released all but one of the girls by 21 march.
Amid ongoing offensive against boko haram in the lake chad region, the sect leader, abubakar shekau, has charged fighting terrorists to hold their ground. Militants technically defeated buhari, bbc news, accessed july 15, 2016. Religion remains a huge factor in the nigerian polity, which competes for legitimacy with. The development of a militant religious movement in nigeria roman loimeier abstract. Indeed, covert tactics have been the main vehicle by which boko haram has projected its threat to the northwest and central belt of nigeria, as well as beyond its borders to cameroon, chad and niger. African nations have since worked together to tackle this something wrong by supplying the military might needed to tackle the threat posed by boko haram. Those terrible weeks in their camp human rights watch. Both nigeria and the uk need to take swift action to stop embezzlement and money laundering that enable insurgency. The name boko haram is a hausa name which only the hausa peoples understood and is a compound name comprised of hausa and arabic. Onuoha \ a danger not to nigeria alone boko haram s transnational reach and regional responses. This book focuses extensively on the boko haram insurgence in nigeria. The paper is descriptive and the materials obtained from.
The geopolitics of boko haram and nigeria s war on terror article pdf available in geographical journal 1804 december 2014 with 2,188 reads how we measure reads. According to liolio 20, the successful recruitment of the people into the group. In the lake chad basin now a major conflict zone the battle against boko haram is progressing, albeit at an unsteady pace. The report also draws on interviews with nigerian journalists who have covered the group and. Onuoha \ a danger not to nigeria alone boko harams transnational reach and regional responses. It could include equipment and expertise from the international community including germany. Boko haram kidnapped 110 schoolgirls from the government technical girls college in dapchi, yobe, on 19 february 2018. Those terrible weeks in their camp 2 ascertain if some, or all, had also been abducted or if they were family members of the insurgents. Debating boko haram the present issue of the cci occasional papers includes three pieces debating the origins of boko haram. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national.
The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. Introduction boko haram, a movement claiming to act in the name of is lam, has killed tens of thousands of people in nigeria and the neighboring countries of niger, chad, and cameroon. Confronting the terrorism of boko haram in nigeria forest confronting the terrorism of boko haram in nigeria james j. Since 2009, the radical muslim movement in northern nigeria known as boko haram has become widely known in western media for both its militant actions and its ultrafundamentalist programme. Boko haram, cameroons similar characteristics to nigeria, such as a relatively poor majority muslim north and a wealthier majority christian south, make it an ideal recruiting ground for boko haram. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. Federal university lafia, nigeria abstract this paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in nigeria from the standpoint of boko haram insurgency. Find out more about boko haram attacks and their impact on nigeria. Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria.
The paper argues that the au, as a continental body, has adopted a lame duck attitude. Yet a military victory over boko haram alone will not solve the problems. It would make sense to launch a regional or african union mission. This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. Effectimpacts of boko haram in nigeria research cyber. Au commission chair nkosazana dlaminizuma said the threat posed by the. Introduction nigeria is a rich country in both human and natural resources and it has the vision of. Abu musab albarnawi named as new leader, bbc, 3 aout 2016. Pdf the geopolitics of boko haram and nigerias war on terror.
Nov 11, 2014 boko haram is an islamist extremist group responsible for dozens of massacres of civilians and the abduction of more than 500 women and girls in its fiveyear insurgency in nigeria when a. African nations join coalition to fight boko haram. Islamiyya, or islamic state, in northeastern nigeria. In late 2018 crisis groups senior analyst for gender azadeh moaveni went to northeast nigeria, which has been the epicenter of the fight between boko haram and the nigerian military, to explore how effectively women formerly associated with the group have been rehabilitated and reintegrated back into society. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. Humanpsychological effects of boko haram in nigeria. A large part of boko haram s calculations, rather, have been focused on its covert front and on war avoidance altogether. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern nigeria can be divided into two phase. The anatomy of a crisis 10 since 2009 boko haram has become a metaphor for insecurity in nigeria after the government launched a clampdown on the group, which resulted in some 800 deaths, mostly of the sect members. Renee montagne talks to comfort ero, african program director. On 2 april, a boko haram attack on the outskirts of maiduguri resulted in the death of 18 people and another 84 wounded. The best articles from christianity today on boko haram nigeria.
Boko as sin haram, and toxic, considering it westoxication. Not to be soon forgotten is the august 26, 2011 suicide bombing of the united nations secretariat in abuja, coming not long after a similar attack on the nigeria police force headquarters on june 16, both claimed by the boko haram. Is the african union capable of defeating boko haram. In recommendation, government supposed to formulate a policy towards the solution. To get at the root of the problem, a comprehensive new approach is needed to tackle the long neglect of northern. Refer to his talksport interview with ian collins, march 2009. Boko haram is a radical islamist movement shaped by its nigerian context and reflecting. Boko haram and national security challenges in nigeria.
The boko haram insurgence in nigeria perspectives from within. Haram, its causes, recruitment, ideology, area of operation and the ways through which the problem can be solved. The hausa applied the term boko to western forms of education so when the term haram is appended to it the intent is. Boko harams religious and political worldview brookings institution. Boko haram in nigeria the latest news from al jazeera. This paper therefore examined the violent rampageous boko haram in northern nigeria from the perspectives of the current agitation for political powershift and. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. Pdf the ideological evolution of boko haram in nigeria. Another important definition of terrorism was given by african union au in article 1 3 as. Explaining boko haram, nigerias islamist insurgency the. Indeed, more than 10, 000 nigerians have been killed, a lot of people have been maimed and women have been kidnapped and raped. The challenges posed by boko haram sect on the security of lives and property in nigeria and the implications on corporate existence of nigeria as well as its image internationally motivate this study.
Jacob zenn, atta barkindo and nicholas a heras examine the ideological motivations that influenced the transformation of boko haram from local salafism to. Boko haram and the african unions response 235 we have observed that the au has not taken a lead role in combating the seditious group. Boko haram, often translated as western education is forbidden sometimes even more misleadingly as western education is sin. The african union au has backed plans for a west african task force of 7,500 troops to fight boko haram militants. Others see the boko haram as freedom fighters from the perspective of their frequent prison breaks and freeing of inmates. Pdf the geopolitics of boko haram and nigerias war on. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Relations with the islamic world analysis paper no. Likewise, deaths from boko haram s attacks represented nearly 70 percent of all fatalities from terrorist attacks in nigeria. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 4 about the authors olivier guitta is the director of research at the henry jackson society, responsible for setting the strategic agenda for the research department and overseeing the societys academic focus, as well as conducting his.
The unicef reports that one in five suicide bombers used by boko haram has been a child. Mar 11, 2015 african nations join coalition to fight boko haram chad, niger and others began an offensive against extremist fighters in nigeria. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 7 leadership have recently surfaced. In nigeria, boko haram wa s responsible for more than 80 percent of all terrorist attacks between 1970 and 201 3 for which a perpetrator group was identified, despite their relatively recent onset of violence in 2009. To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials, email. The groups objective was to establish an islamic state and institutionalize sharia law in nigeria, particularly the northeast region.
Jihad otherwise called boko haram western education is sinful in house language. Policy to counter nigerias boko haram council on oreign relations ast t street ne ork n 100 tel 212. In 2015 the group began calling itself islamic state in west africa. An assessment of strengths, vulnerabilities, and policy options 1 introduction the islamist group jamaatu ahl as. The geopolitics of boko haram and nigerias war on terror article pdf available. During training with aqmi, boko haram members also mastered nigeria. Some of the cult followers of omar bakri, such as anjem choudhary, have boldly stated that nigeria does not have shareah, even though many states of northern nigeria implement shareeah. For example in may 2015, chad, whose president idriss deby is the current chair of the african union au, began his tenure with a renewed desire to bring down the terrorist group. Since the early years of the crisis, nigeria s international partners have cautioned that boko haram is unlikely to be defeated on the battlefield alone. This study adopts poverty theory to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security.
The communities have distanced themselves from participation in the political and governmental system. D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. On 24 march 2015, residents of damasak, nigeria said that boko haram had taken more than 400 women and children from the town as they fled from coalition forces. Forest jsou report 125 may 2012 joint special operations university 7701 tampa point boulevard macdill afb fl 33621. Alle publikationen sind auch als pdfdateien verfugbar. According to a september 20 house of representatives homeland security committee report, the aqim boko haram collaboration is a mature relationship that allows boko haram an avenue to advance its capability, and. Meaning of boko haram is subtler than media portrayal 6.
This view supported the work of wicker 1975, who observed that injustice, inequality and dehumanisation bred the crisis of yusuffiya boko haram insurgency which nigeria is facing today. Facilitate access to credit and land for women, recognising that single females and especially widowheaded households need particular support to restart productive activities, for example in traditional crafts, trade or agriculture. Jihad, commonly referred to as boko haram,1 has emerged as a violent challenger to the authority of the nigerian state. Nigerias history of poor governance and extreme poverty in the north. Likewise, deaths from boko harams attacks represented nearly 70 percent of all fatalities from terrorist attacks in nigeria. Aside the social and economic effects of boko haram in nigeria, the human cost is more worrisome. It analyses the nature of political violence and the dominant roles of a violent nationstate in both colonial and postcolonial experiences and the rise of terrorism in nigeria. Boko haram sect as a domestic terrorist organisation. At about age eighteen, he moved to kano, in what is today northern nigeria, and began a career as a preacher. Actions taken so far are retroactive in nature rather than proactive. Emergence of boko haram, causes, impacts of boko haram 1.
This work underscores the theoretical and historical basis of rebellion in nigeria primarily focusing on the rise, fundamental philosophy and the vision of the boko. Boko haram was reported to have killed 380 people between april and september 2017 in the lake chad area. The united states institute of peace is an independent, nonpartisan institution established and funded by. In september 2017, boko haram militants kidnapped about 40 young adults, women and children and killed 18 in the town of banki, km southeast of maiduguri, borno state, on the border of nigeria and cameroon.
Nigerias battle with boko haram council on foreign. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. Boko haram feeds off corruption in nigeria nigeria al. Earlier, boko haram hit the headquarters of the united nations in abuja, nigerias federal capital, in a suicide attack, leaving at least 23 people killed and more than 80 injured. Earlier, boko haram hit the headquarters of the united nations in abuja, nigeria s federal capital, in a suicide attack, leaving at least 23 people killed and more than 80 injured. Boko haram, known for mass kidnappings, bombings, and other acts of terrorism, remains an enduring threat to northern nigeria and the lake chad basin. Boko haram violence an affront to humanity, ban declares. Clearly borne out of the thinking of mohammed yusuf, the group has evolved over time to become a more nebulous entity whose direction and aims are sometimes difficult to identify. Adam higazi, mobilisation into and against boko haram in northeast nigeria in collective mobilisations in africa, ed. Since 2009, a radical muslim movement in northern nigeria has become widely known in western media for both its militant actions and its ultrafundamentalist programme. The 29 th african union au summit that starts this week will no doubt consider the threat of terrorism and how member states, supported by the au, can respond. As the military dislodged boko haram in 2015 from the territory it had captured and occupied earlier, victims of suicide bombers grew as a proportion of those the group killed through august 2018. This book focuses on boko haram and terrorism in nigeria, framing the conflict in an. Cameroon has become a hub for boko haram ideological infiltration, and other reports suggest that boko haram is using cameroon as a place of.